The overweight or obese patient presents multiple challenges to the dental practitioner, in addition to the possibility of increased periodontal disease risk. Overweight and obese patients should be informed of the potential role their condition plays in systemic and oral disease, including the modulation of periodontitis, and counseled with regard to behavioral modifications and treatment options that may reduce risk.

Nutritional counseling, lifestyle changes, and, of course, proper oral hygiene techniques and products are all appropriate interventions to include in the treatment plan. Daily flossing and the use of a triclosan-containing dentifrice that demonstrates both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, enhance gingivitis control outcomes.

Because the degree of obesity has widespread effects on a patient’s lung function, cardiac function, and tissue oxygenation, which in turn determine his or her responses to anesthesia and pharmacologic agents, dental professionals must always be prepared to manage potential medical emergencies and post-treatment complications in the obese population.

Should future research in this area confirm the role of obesity as a risk factor for both oral and systemic disease, dental office risk assessment may one day include the routine assessment of BMI.